Joachim Sliwa, Egyptian Scarabs, Scaraboids and Plaques from the Cracow Collections, Jagiellonian University Press, Cracow 1985
INTRODUCTION ...........................
1. OBJECTS WITH ROYAL NAMES ..................
1.1. From Userkaf to Nectanebo ...................
1.2. Mn-bpr-R* ? type .......................
1.3. Corrupt form of the royal name ................
2. OBJECTS WITH PRIVATE NAMES ................
3. OBJECTS WITH PIGURAL REPRESENTATIONS ..........
4. OBJECTS WITH NAMES AND REPRESENTATIONS OF DIVINITIES
5. OBJECTS WITH PHRASES ....................
6. OBJECTS WITH REPRESENTATIONS OF ANIMALS ........
7. OBJECTS WITH REPRESENTATIONS OF SYMBOLS ........
8. OBJECTS WITH ORNAMENTAL DESIGNS .............
9. HEART SCARABS .........................
10. SCARABS WITH UNDECORATED BASES .............
11. BUGS WITH A NATURALISTIC-ALLY SHAPED LOWER PART . . .
12. FLAT WINGED SCARABS FROM MUMMY NETS .........
ABBREVIATIONS ...........................
PLATES ................................
Stone and faience scarabs and scaraboids belong to the most popular Egyptian relics found most frequently both in numerous museum col?lections and in private collections all over the world. Also in Cracow col?lections (i. e. in the collections of the National Museum, the Archaeological Museum and the Department of Mediterranean Archaeology of the Jagel-lonian University) several tens of relics of this type are stored. In every respect they are worthy of scientific description and publication, since regardless the significance of such objects in the context of religious beliefs of ancient Egyptians (symbols of rebirth and revival) and their artistic value, they impart historical information. It is to be found predo?minantly on bases of scarabs and scaraboids. whose incised text or de?coration could be impressed on a suitable material, functioning as seals '; in this way, apart from being a source material for investigations into the Egyptian religion, they facilitate onomastic studies, investigations into Egyptian administration system, the system of titles of rulers and high officials, various forms of notation of the names of Egyptian deities (e. g. cryptography), etc. The Cracow collections also do not seem to lack relics of considerable significance for studies of this type.
Tieside scarabs and scaraboids, the present description includes, si?milarly to other catalogues, related objects from the group of the so-called seal-amulets, i. e. various kinds of plaques, amulets, finger-rings, and a single example of a cylinder seal. Also heart scarabs, scarabs with...
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