Deir el-Bahari VII, Offering Scenes in the Chapel of Hatshepsut
190,00 $
ISBN: 9788394357061
Description: hardback, 340 pp. (30x21,5 cm), ills., separate booklet with 30 plates
Condition: new
Weight: 2110g.
A. Stupko-Lubczynska, Offering Scenes in the Chapel of Hatshepsut, Deir el-Bahari VII, Institute of Mediterranean and Oriental Cultures, Polish Academy of Sciences, Polish Centre of Mediterranean Archaeology, University of Warsaw, Warsaw 2016
Acknowledgements VII
Contents IX
Chronology XV
Symbols and abbreviations XVII
Bibliography XIX
I. INTRODUCTION 1
I.1. COMPARATIVE MATERIAL 3
I.2. EDITORIAL CONSIDERATIONS 5
II. THE CHAPEL OF HATSHEPSUT AND THE SANCTUARIES
OF THE PYRAMID TEMPLES OF THE OLD AND MIDDLE KINGDOMS 7
II.1. ARCHITECTURE 7
II.2. DECORATION 16
III. OFFERING SCENES IN THE CHAPEL OF HATSHEPSUT 19
III.1. OFFERING TABLE SCENE 19
III.1.1. Description 19
III.1.2. Diachronic development and interpretation of the motif 26
III.2. OFFERING LIST 37
III.2.1. Description 37
III.2.2. Diachronic development of the offering lists 38
III.2.2.1. Type A offering lists 38
III.2.2.2. Type A/B lists and the Offering Ritual in the Pyramid Texts 39
III.2.2.3. Offering lists in the sanctuaries of the pyramid temples and the list in the Chapel of Hatshepsut 40
III.2.3. The Ritual of the Opening of the Mouth 48
III.2.3.1. The Ritual of the Opening of the Mouth in the Pyramid Texts and the Type B offering lists 48
III.2.3.1.1. Archaeological context of the Ritual 49
III.2.3.1.2. Meaning of the Ritual 49
III.2.3.2. The Ritual of the Opening of the Mouth in the offering list of the Chapel of Hatshepsut 50
III.2.4. Composition of the offering lists 53
III.2.4.1. Composition of the offering lists before the reign of Hatshepsut 54
III.2.4.2. Composition of the offering list in the Chapel of Hatshepsut 57
III.2.4.3. Number of columns 58
III.2.4.4. Height of the registers 58
III.2.4.5. Summary 58
X Contents
III.2.5. The closing of the offering list in the Chapel of Hatshepsut 59
III.3. SEQUENCE OF THE RITUAL ACTS 62
III.3.1. Description 62
III.3.2. Diachronic development of the motif 65
III.3.2.1. Old Kingdom 65
III.3.2.1.1. Early representations (type 1) 65
III.3.2.1.2. Later representations (type 2) 67
III.3.2.1.2.1. Type 2 representations in the private tombs 67
III.3.2.1.2.2. Type 2 representations in the pyramid temples 69
III.3.2.1.3. The course and meaning of the ritual 73
III.3.2.1.3.1. The course of the ritual in the Pyramid Texts 73
III.3.2.1.3.2. Role and place of the sAxw in the ritual 75
III.3.2.2. Middle Kingdom 82
III.3.2.2.1. Representations in the pyramid temples 82
III.3.2.2.2. Representations in the private tombs 83
III.3.2.3. Early Eighteenth Dynasty 85
III.3.3. Summary 88
III.4. OFFERING PROCESSION 90
III.4.1. Offerings 90
III.4.1.1. Head of the procession 90
III.4.1.1.1. Description 90
III.4.1.1.2. Diachronic development of the motif 91
III.4.1.1.2.1. ¢pS-legs and birds at the beginning of the offering procession 91
III.4.1.1.2.2. ¢pS-legs and geese in the sequence of the ritual acts 94
III.4.1.1.3. Function in the rituals 96
III.4.1.1.3.1. The Ritual of the Opening of the Mouth in the Pyramid Texts 96
III.4.1.1.3.2. The Ritual of the Opening of the Mouth in the New Kingdom
III.4.1.1.4. Interpretation 102
III. 4.1.1.4.1. Inscriptions 102
III. 4.1.1.4.2. Titles of the offering-bearers 103
III. 4.1.1.4.3. Costume of the offering-bearers 103
III. 4.1.1.5. Summary 104
III.4.1.2. Oils, eye-paints, and linen 105
III.4.1.2.1. Description 105
III.4.1.2.2. Oils, eye-paints, and linen in the Old and Middle Kingdoms 106
III.4.1.2.2.1. Archaeological context 106
III.4.1.2.2.1.1. Tomb equipment 106
III.4.1.2.2.1.2. Temple equipment 108
III.4.1.2.2.2. Lists of objects 108
III.4.1.2.2.2.1. Ideographic lists 108
III.4.1.2.2.2.2. Tomb inventory lists 108
III.4.1.2.2.2.3. Offering lists 109
III.4.1.2.2.3. Iconographic sources 110
III.4.1.2.2.3.1. Scenes of the transport and presentation of the tomb equipment 110
III.4.1.2.2.3.2. Offering processions 114
III.4.1.2.2.3.3. Decoration of the ‘storerooms’ 117
III.4.1.2.2.3.4. Decoration of the burial chambers, sarcophagi, and coffins 121
III.4.1.2.2.4. Ritual significance of the oils, eye-paints, and linen 124
III.4.1.2.2.5. Place of the oils and linen in the funerary meal with relation
to the tomb architecture 127
III.4.1.2.3. Oils and linen in the decoration of the Theban tombs of the early Eighteenth Dynasty 130
III.4.1.2.3.1. Presentation of the oils and linen associated with the offering scenes 130
III.4.1.2.3.2. Presentation of the oils and linen associated with the Ritual of the Opening of the Mouth 131
III.4.1.2.3.3. Presentation of the oils and linen as an independent scene 133
III.4.1.2.3.4. Offering of the oils and linen at the beginning of the year 133
III.4.1.2.3.5. Oils and linen as the tomb equipment 134
III.4.1.2.3.5.1. ‘Friezes’ of objects 134
III.4.1.2.3.5.2. Tomb equipment presented to the deceased 135
III.4.1.2.3.5.3. Tomb equipment carried in the funeral procession 135
III.4.1.2.3.6. Linen in the scenes of administering the treasury 136
III.4.1.2.3.7. Distribution of the oils and linen motifs in the Theban tombs
III.4.1.2.4. Presentation of the oils and linen in the Chapel of Hatshepsut: interpretation 140
III.4.1.2.4.1. Oils, eye-paints, and wnxw-strips 140
III.4.1.2.4.2. Other textiles 142
III.4.1.2.4.3. Place in the offering procession 143
III.4.1.3. Vessels, pouches, and stands 145
III.4.1.3.1. Description 145
III.4.1.3.2. Place in the offering procession and the diachronic development of the motifs 150
III.4.1.3.2.1. Open forms 150
III.4.1.3.2.1.1. Decorative and luxury ware 150
III.4.1.3.2.1.2. Tableware 156
III.4.1.3.2.2. Closed forms 156
III.4.1.3.2.2.1. Cosmetic containers 156
III.4.1.3.2.2.2. Tableware and storage vessels 158
III.4.1.3.2.3. Pouches and stands 165
III.4.1.3.3. Summary 166
III.4.1.4. Bread, vegetables, fruit, corn, and flowers 168
III.4.1.4.1. Description 168
III.4.1.4.2. Place in the offering procession and the diachronic development of the motifs 176
III.4.1.4.2.1. Bread 176
III.4.1.4.2.2. Vegetables and fruit 178
III.4.1.4.2.3. Sheaves of corn 180
III.4.1.4.2.4. Flowers 181
III.4.1.4.3. Summary 184
III.4.1.5. Mammals 185
III.4.1.5.1. Description 185
III.4.1.5.2. Scenes involving mammals in the temples and tombs of the Old Kingdom 185
III.4.1.5.2.1. Pyramid temples of the Fourth Dynasty 185
III.4.1.5.2.2. Private tombs of the Fourth and Fifth Dynasties 186
III.4.1.5.2.3. Pyramid temples of the Fifth and Sixth Dynasties 189
III.4.1.5.2.4. Private tombs of the Fifth and Sixth Dynasties 192
III.4.1.5.2.5. Distribution of the scenes 194
III.4.1.5.3. Scenes involving mammals in the tombs and temples from the Middle Kingdom
to the early Eighteenth Dynasty 196
III.4.1.5.3.1. Tombs of Middle Egypt 196
III.4.1.5.3.2. Royal temples 198
III.4.1.5.3.3. Theban tombs 198
III.4.1.5.3.3.1. Acquisition and presentation of the Delta products 199
III.4.1.5.3.3.2. Desert hunt 201
III.4.1.5.3.3.3. Distribution of the scenes 206
III.4.1.5.4. Mammals as an element of the offering procession 208
III.4.1.5.5. Presentation of mammals in the Chapel of Hatshepsut: interpretation 214
III.4.1.5.5.1. Inscriptions 214
III.4.1.5.5.2. Place in the offering procession 215
III.4.1.5.5.3. Titles of the offering-bearers 216
III.4.1.5.5.4. Geographical connotations of the motifs 216
III. 4.1.6. Butchery products 219
III. 4.1.6.1. Description 219
III. 4.1.6.2. Meat offerings as burial goods 224
III. 4.1.6.3. Butchery products carried in the offering procession: diachronic development of the motif 225
III. 4.1.6.3.1. Old Kingdom 225
III. 4.1.6.3.1.1. Private tombs 225
III. 4.1.6.3.1.2. Pyramid temples 229
III. 4.1.6.3.2. Middle Kingdom and the early Eighteenth Dynasty 231
III. 4.1.6.4. Butchery products in the Chapel of Hatshepsut: interpretation 232
III. 4.1.6.4.1. Types of meat 232
III. 4.1.6.4.2. Place in the offering procession 233
III.4.1.7. Birds 236
III.4.1.7.1. Description 236
III.4.1.7.2. Offerings of birds as burial goods 241
III.4.1.7.3. Waterfowl 241
III.4.1.7.3.1. Live birds: diachronic development of the motif 242
III.4.1.7.3.2. Dead birds: diachronic development of the motif 246
III.4.1.7.3.3. Place in the offering procession 249
III.4.1.7.4. Pigeons, quails, nestlings, and eggs 249
III.4.1.7.4.1. Diachronic development of the motif 250
III.4.1.7.4.2. Place in the offering procession 252
III.4.1.7.5. Cranes 253
III.4.1.7.5.1. Walking cranes: diachronic development of the motif 253
III.4.1.7.5.2. Carried cranes: diachronic development of the motif 256
III.4.1.7.5.3. Place in the offering procession 258
III.4.1.7.6. Summary 259
III.4.2. Titles of the offering-bearers 260
III.4.2.1. Description 260
III.4.2.2. Diachronic development of the motif and interpretation 265
III.4.2.3. Distribution of the titles in the offering procession 272
III.5. FRIEZE OF THE PILED OFFERINGS 274
III.5.1. Description 274
III.5.2. Diachronic development of the motif 274
III.6. IUNMUTEF AND THOTH 279
III.6.1 Description 279
III.6.1.1. Iunmutef 280
III.6.1.1.1. Original relief 280
III.6.1.1.2. Ramesside restoration 281
III.6.1.2. Thoth 281
III.6.1.2.1. Original relief 281
III.6.1.2.2. Ramesside restoration 282
III.6.2. Iunmutef and Thoth in the royal cult 283
III.6.3. Representations of Iunmutef and Thoth outside the Chapel of Hatshepsut
from the Old Kingdom to the early Eighteenth Dynasty 283
III.6.3.1. Coronation scenes and the sed-festival 284
III.6.3.2. Offering scenes 287
III.6.4. Ritual context of the representations 290
III.6.4.1. Offering formulae on the Middle Kingdom coffins. Offering Ritual
or Resurrection Ritual? 290
III.6.4.2. The snwt-building and the jtrt-shrines of the South and North 291
III.6.4.2.1. The jtrt-shrines of the South and North in the architecture of the royal tombs 292
III.6.4.2.1.1. The ‘sed-festival court’ of the Step Pyramid complex 292
III.6.4.2.1.2. Antichambre carrée of the pyramid temples 293
III.6.4.2.2. The jtrt-shrines of the South and North in the Pyramid Texts 296
III.6.4.2.3. Antichambre carrée as the entrance to the Akhet 301
III.6.4.3. Horus and Thoth in the Resurrection Ritual 303
III.6.4.3.1. Old Kingdom 303
III.6.4.3.2. Middle Kingdom 306
III.6.4.4. Resurrection texts in the Theban tombs of the early Eighteenth Dynasty 309
III.6.4.5. The role of Iunmutef and Thoth in the coronation and offering scenes 314
III.6.5. Summary 317
IV. Concluding Remarks 319
Tables 323
Indices 327