Early Burial Customs in Northern Egypt
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ISBN: 978-1-4073-1192-0
Description: softcover, 107 pp. (29,5x21cm), 40 figs., 7 maps, 2 tables, 3 charts
Condition: very good, new
Weight: 400g.
Joanna Debowska-Ludwin, Early Burial Customs in Northern Egypt, Evidence from the Pre-, Proto-, and Early Dynastic Periods, British Archaeological Reports International Series, Oxford 2013
1. INTRODUCTION
1.1. STATE OF RESEARCH
1.2. AIMS
AND LIMITATIONS OF THE STUDY
1.3. REMARKS
2. CULTURAL BACKGROUND
2.1. THE EARLIEST CULTURES IN LOWER EGYPT
THE MERIMDE CULTURE
THE OMARI CULTURE
2.2. THE LOWER EGYPTIAN CULTURE–THE FIRST PAN-LOWER EGYPTIAN UNIT
2.3. THE GERZAEN CULTURE AND THE PROBLEM OF NAQADAN EXPANSION TO THE NORTH
2.4. CULTURAL UNIFICATION OF UPPERAND LOWER EGYPT–BUILDING FOUNDATION OF PHARAONIC STATE IN THE PROTO-AND EARLY DYNASTIC PERIODS
3. EVOLUTION OF BURIAL CUSTOMS
3.1. THE EARLIEST BURIAL CUSTOMS
REMAINS IN NORTHERN EGYPT THE MERIMDE CULTURE
THE OMARI CULTURE
3.2. THE LOWER EGYPTIAN CULTURE
THE EARLY PHASE
THE MIDDLE PHASE
THE LATE PHASE
THE LOWER EGYPTIAN SUMMARY
3.3. THE NAQADAN EXPANSION INTO NORTHERN EGYPT
THE EARLIEST NAQADAN SETTLEMENT
THE NAQADA CULTURE ENTERS THE NILE DELTA
THE ISSUE OF ABUSIR EL-MELEQ
3.4. NORTHERN EGYPT AT THE END OF THE PREDYNASTIC PERIOD
3.5. TOWARDS THE UNITED KINGDOM–DYNASTIES 0 AND 1
NORTHERN EGYPT IN THE TIMES OF DYNASTY 0
THE PROSPERITY PERIOD – NORTHERN EGYPT DURING DYNASTY 1
3.6. THE TIMES OF DYNASTY 2
4. OTHER DECEASED RELATED PRACTICES
4.1. CHILD BURIALS
4.2. SUBSIDIARY BURIALS
4.3. LOOSE HUMAN BONES REGISTERED WITHIN SETTLEMENTS AND DISORDERED BURIALS
5. SIDE BURIAL ELEMENTS
5.1. POTTERY PITS
5.2. ANIMAL BURIALS
5.3. BOAT GRAVES
5.4. MODEL BUILDINGS
5.5. MORTUARY CHAPELS
5.6. NICHES
5.7. TUMULULI
6. EARLY NORTHERN EGYPTIAN BURIAL
CUSTOMS IN CONCLUSION
6.1. THE DECEASED POSITION
6.2. GRAVE OFFERINGS
6.3. CONSTRUCTION OF BURIAL CHAMBERS
SIMPLE PIT GRAVES
PIT GRAVES LINED WITH MUD BRICKS
GRAVES WITH STAIRCASES
SHAFT
GRAVES
MASTABAS
GALLERIES
6.4. SUPERSTRUCTURES
6.5. SOCIAL STRATIFICATION
6.6. BURIAL RITUALS
7. AFTERWORD
8. APPENDICES:
Appendix no. 1. List of all published burial related sites from Northern Egypt from Predynastic to Early Dynastic period
Appendix no. 2. Relative chronology of particular sites from the study (arranged according to their first use, then alphabetically)
Appendix no. 3. Types of pit burials
Appendix no. 4. Types of graves lined with mud bricks
Appendix no. 5. Remaining types of grave structures
9.REFERENCES